1.钣金结构机柜的组成钣金结构机柜由底座、前后门、侧门、前后框架、上盖、角规及横梁组成，一般采用可组装结构方式，以便于组装、联接及移动。

　　1. The composition of sheet metal structure cabinet: Sheet metal structure cabinet consists of a base, front and rear doors, side doors, front and rear frames, upper cover, angle gauge and crossbeam. It generally adopts an assembly structure for easy assembly, connection and movement.

　　钣金结构机柜的钣金件通过金属薄板冷加工而成 ，同一类型钣金件具备相同厚度，钣金结构机柜是一个联接牢固的整体结构，采用承重性较强的固定托盘 ，一方面能够使机柜更加稳固，另一方面也有利于控制设备稳定运行。钣金结构机柜的角规，为确保机柜能够接地，一般采用镀彩锌加以处理。钣金机柜前后门采用高密度网孔构造，能有效减少机柜内部设备的电磁辐射。钣金机柜的风机外壳经过一次成型，有效减弱风机的震动。钣金机柜的表面进行喷砂和喷塑加工，整体结构采用防腐喷塑技术，能有效抗腐蚀，抗酸碱 。

　　The sheet metal parts of the sheet metal structure cabinet are made by cold processing metal sheets, and the same type of sheet metal parts have the same thickness. The sheet metal structure cabinet is a firmly connected overall structure, using a fixed tray with strong load-bearing capacity. On the one hand, it can make the cabinet more stable, and on the other hand, it is also conducive to controlling the stable operation of the equipment. The angle gauge of the sheet metal structure cabinet is generally treated with colored zinc plating to ensure safe grounding of the cabinet. The front and rear doors of the sheet metal cabinet adopt high-density mesh structure, which can effectively reduce the electromagnetic radiation of the equipment inside the cabinet. The fan casing of the sheet metal cabinet is formed once, effectively reducing the vibration of the fan. The surface of the sheet metal cabinet is sandblasted and sprayed with plastic, and the overall structure adopts anti-corrosion spraying technology, which can effectively resist corrosion and acid and alkali.

　　2.钣金结构机柜结构类型

　　2. Sheet metal structure cabinet structure type

　　钣金机柜在结构方面，有两种分类方式，按照机柜框架划分，可以分为整板式和立柱横梁结合式；按照机柜角联的方式划分 ，又可以分为粘接联接、螺钉联接、销联接及焊联接等四种形式。由这几种形式类型可以看到，钣金机柜在加工制造过程中主要涉及到了电焊、剪板及折弯这三种工艺，这三种工艺也是钣金工艺形式的主要工序 。

　　There are two classification methods for sheet metal cabinets in terms of structure. According to the cabinet frame, they can be divided into full plate and column beam combination types; According to the angle connection of the cabinet, it can be divided into four forms: adhesive connection, screw connection, pin connection, and welding connection. From these types of forms, it can be seen that sheet metal cabinets mainly involve three processes in the manufacturing process: welding, cutting, and bending, which are also the main processes of sheet metal technology.

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　　3.钣金结构机柜的主要联接方式

　　3. Main connection methods for sheet metal structure cabinets

　　随着技术进步和工艺水平的提高 ，钣金机柜在加工制造上也有着多样的制作方式，既可以采用整面板制作而成，又可以使用具备相应尺寸规范的插件加以组合而成。通常情况下，前、中、侧横梁及外部强迫散热立柱构成了钣金机柜的主体结构，一般来说，前、侧横梁和立柱主要是通过折弯及与折弯工艺相结合的避位穿插应用技术加以联接，同时 ，前、侧横梁的联接还可 以采用焊接的方式 ；中横梁的联接 主要依靠立柱带有的工艺槽。

　　With the advancement of technology and the improvement of process level, sheet metal cabinets also have various production methods in processing and manufacturing. They can be made by using whole panels or by combining plugins with corresponding size specifications. In general, the main structure of the sheet metal cabinet is composed of the front, middle, and side crossbeams, as well as external forced cooling columns. Generally speaking, the front, side crossbeams, and columns are mainly connected through bending and the use of avoidance and insertion techniques combined with bending technology. At the same time, the connection of the front and side crossbeams can also be achieved through welding; The connection of the middle crossbeam mainly relies on the process slots provided by the columns.

　　钣金结构机柜设计应满足的设计要求

　　Design Requirements for Sheet Metal Structure Cabinet Design

　　在进行钣金结构机柜设计时，要明确钣金机柜的设计性能，在此基础上，运用各种新工艺设计草图、规定尺寸及结构、确定强度，使机柜的技术参数达到设计要求。具体地说，钣金机柜在设计中需要遵循的设计规范为以下几方面：

　　When designing sheet metal structure cabinets, it is necessary to first clarify the design performance of the sheet metal cabinet. Based on this, various new process design sketches, specified dimensions and structures, and determined strength should be used to ensure that the technical parameters of the cabinet meet the design requirements. Specifically, the design specifications that need to be followed in the design of sheet metal cabinets are as follows:

　　，充分发挥钣金机柜在抗震、抗腐蚀、防冲击、防水防尘及防辐射等方面 的性能 ，确保控制设备运行。

　　Firstly, fully utilize the performance of sheet metal cabinets in terms of earthquake resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, waterproof, dustproof, and radiation resistance to ensure the safe operation of control equipment.

　　其次，各项措施要到位，并确保能够有效使用，便于进行机柜的组装和维修，保障操作人员的人身。

　　Secondly, all safety measures should be in place and ensure effective use, facilitating the assembly and maintenance of cabinets, and ensuring the personal safety of operators.

　　再次，在具体性能上应达到规格化及标准化的要求，如良好的通风散热，较好的电磁兼容性。

　　Again, the specific performance should meet the requirements of standardization and normalization, such as good ventilation and heat dissipation, and good electromagnetic compatibility.

　　第四，钣金机柜设计在满足基本性能的同时，要追求造型的美观和色彩的丰富。

　　Fourthly, the design of sheet metal cabinets should not only meet basic performance requirements, but also pursue aesthetic appearance and rich colors.

　　钣金结构的机柜设计要点

　　Key points of cabinet design for sheet metal structure

　　1.热设计

　　1. Thermal design

　　由于热设计是对电气设备能否正常运转的保证，这就需要我们对 电器设备予 以细致的考量与分析 ，了解其基本作业 的方法 与原理，并对热设计进行合理与科学的设计，提出适合其作业的方案。

　　As thermal design is the guarantee for the normal operation of electrical equipment, it requires us to carefully consider and analyze the electrical equipment, understand its basic operating methods and principles, and carry out reasonable and scientific design of thermal design, proposing the optimal solution suitable for its operation.

　　(1)散热方法的选择机柜内部电子元件产生的热量可以使用各种冷却方法。由于环境粉尘污染很严重，要求机柜密封，同类产品的比较，机柜散热型式采用了内部强迫对流、外部热量交换的紧凑式空气／空气热交换器和机壳 自然散热相结介的散热形式。使用空气／空气热交换器前提条件环境温度低于箱体内部温度，山两条独立的空气循环，灰尘和环境空气不能进入机柜内部。其原理是箱体 内部被加热后的空气 由高性能风扇导引进入 热交换器模块，外部风扇带动外部低温空气流过模块，热交换在进行交换铝板上完成 ，通过铝板导热 ，空气与空气之间不直接接触 。机壳自然散热=机壳对流+机壳辐射散热，因而实现了较大机柜内部密封散热的问题。其形式如图1所示。(2)散热量的计算对于散热量的计算则根据环境温度要求采用了功率估算法 与同类产品类 比的方法得 到，热交换器散 热约为总散热量三分之二、机壳 自然散热总量约为总散热量三分之一左右。散热总量= 热交换散热(内部强迫对流+ 外部强迫散热)+机壳自然总散热(机壳对流+ 机壳辐射)

　　(1) The selection of heat dissipation methods: Various cooling methods can be used to dissipate the heat generated by electronic components inside the cabinet. Due to severe dust pollution in the environment, it is required to seal the cabinet. Compared with similar products, the cabinet adopts a compact air/air heat exchanger with internal forced convection and external heat exchange, and a natural heat dissipation system through the chassis. The prerequisite for using an air/air heat exchanger is that the ambient temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the cabinet, and there are two independent air circulation channels. Dust and ambient air cannot enter the interior of the cabinet. The principle is that the heated air inside the box is guided into the heat exchanger module by a high-performance fan, and the external fan drives the low-temperature air to flow through the module. The heat exchange is completed on the exchange aluminum plate, and the heat is conducted through the aluminum plate without direct contact between the air. The natural heat dissipation of the chassis=convection of the chassis+radiation heat dissipation of the chassis, thus achieving the problem of sealed heat dissipation inside larger cabinets. Its form is shown in Figure 1. (2) The calculation of heat dissipation is based on the environmental temperature requirements, using power estimation method and analogy with similar products. The heat exchanger dissipates about two-thirds of the total heat dissipation, and the total natural heat dissipation of the chassis is about one-third of the total heat dissipation. Total heat dissipation=Heat exchange heat dissipation (internal forced convection+external forced heat dissipation)+Natural total heat dissipation of the chassis (chassis convection+chassis radiation)

　　2.机柜设计中的电屏蔽问题

　　2. Electrical shielding issues in cabinet design

　　由于机柜内部电子元件及电路往往靠得很近，因此会相互产生干扰，尤其是大量单元印制板电路安装在较小的机柜内部，相互干扰的可能性增大。为了确保设备的正常工作，在设计过程中必须考虑相互之间的电磁干扰，主要采取了以下几种方式使其得到解决。

　　Due to the close proximity of electronic components and circuits inside the cabinet, they can interfere with each other, especially when a large number of unit printed circuit boards are installed inside smaller cabinets, increasing the possibility of mutual interference. In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment, electromagnetic interference between each other must be considered in the design process, and the following methods have been mainly adopted to solve it.

　　(1)在印制板较多的需要特殊屏蔽的地方，机柜内部相互干扰的地方使用屏蔽板，可以避免外部对内的电干扰 。

　　(1) In areas where there are many printed boards that require special shielding and where there is mutual interference inside the cabinet, using shielding boards can avoid external to internal electrical interference.

　　(2)良好的接地效果。整机设计接地，内部也采用多个接地点接地。1)电屏蔽设计用接地的金属板将电路板插箱上下层隔离起来，将电路间干扰减少到小程度，使电路由分布电容泄漏出的能量经屏蔽板短接人地面，不致出入其它电路中。如果屏蔽不接地，则电场对电路的干扰反而更严重，要取得 良好的工作效果，屏蔽体必须良好的接地。2)螺钉连接部分 ，尽量采用内齿 陛垫圈和外齿 ?陡垫圈，以减少接触电阻。

　　(2) Good grounding effect. The whole machine is designed to be grounded, and multiple grounding points are also used internally. 1) The grounding metal plate is used in the electrical shielding design to isolate the upper and lower layers of the circuit board plug-in box, reducing interference between circuits to a minimum, and allowing the energy leaked from distributed capacitors to short-circuit to the ground through the shielding plate, preventing it from entering or leaving other circuits. If the shielding is not grounded, the interference of the electric field on the circuit will be more severe. To achieve good working effect, the shielding body must be well grounded. 2) For screw connections, try to use inner toothed washers and outer toothed washers as much as possible? Steep washer to reduce contact resistance.

　　3.机柜设计中振动冲击问题

　　3. Vibration and impact issues in cabinet design

　　通过实际的作业，我们能够发现机柜本身就具有体积大的特征，如果对其进行安装之后，就无法再对其进行随意的移动，并且在对其进行运输的环够发现其有 自己特殊的振动方式，主要是惯性的冲击形式与颠簸振动的形式这两种；出于对运输颠簸的考虑，需要我们在机柜的设计过程中要考虑到其本身的体积与重量问题，需要将机柜设计的进行下移，使之能够将振动降到。还需要对运输中的包装箱予以加固，做到同机柜的一体化安装。环境的复杂性导致在车间的作业中，发现其设备的集中与密集性，使其能够造成很大的干扰性问题，特别是对机柜的作业。这就要求我们要对设备进行改良，比如，将具有减震功能的设备同地板相固定，并对机柜进行强迫式的振动形式，这个改良的过程中需要考虑关键问题，就是刚性的结构问题。

　　Through practical work, we can find that the cabinet itself has the characteristic of large volume. If it is installed, it cannot be moved freely, and during transportation, it can be found that it has its own special vibration modes, mainly habitual impact and bumpy vibration; Due to the consideration of transportation bumps, we need to take into account the volume and weight of the cabinet during its design process. We need to lower the center of gravity of the cabinet design to minimize vibration. It is also necessary to reinforce the packaging boxes during transportation, preferably achieving integrated installation with the same cabinet. The complexity of the environment leads to the concentration and density of equipment in workshop operations, which can cause significant interference problems, especially for cabinet operations. This requires us to make improvements to the equipment, such as fixing devices with shock-absorbing functions to the floor and subjecting the cabinets to forced vibration. During this improvement process, key issues need to be considered, which is the rigidity of the structure.

　　4.新结构 、新材料在机柜设计中的应用

　　4. Application of new structures and materials in cabinet design

　　(1)新结构的应用随着社会现代化的发展，在产品的技术指标中，对机柜结构的设计却成了关键胜的问题。在机柜的设计中，要注意其产品技术的性能与指标，还有对结构的工艺性设计 。使之能够既美观，又实用。在对机柜结构设计的实际操作中，要注意按照标准化的流程对其进行设计与安装。这就要求在机柜结构的设计过程中，要注重对新结构的考量与应用。

　　(1) With the development of social modernization, the application of new structures has made the design of cabinet structures a key issue in the technical specifications of products. In the design of the cabinet, attention should be paid to the performance and indicators of its product technology, as well as the process design of the structure. Make it both aesthetically pleasing and practical. In the practical operation of designing the cabinet structure, attention should be paid to designing and installing it according to standardized procedures. This requires attention to the consideration and application of new structures in the design process of cabinet structures.

　　在新的结构中，通过十九寸的标准机柜中的铝型材，与立柜式样的机架机柜相联结，其在结构上又通过顶、底板的铝合金小铸件的应用，将以前应用中常用的焊接与铆接方法所取代，并在机柜的里面通过一定的标准尺寸，对其进行添加插箱与插件，与此同时，还付之以积木式的结构特征。由于铝型材本身所具有的特征就比较轻巧 ，使其具有易于安装的特征

　　In the new structure, aluminum profiles from a 19 inch standard cabinet are connected to a rack cabinet in the form of a standing cabinet. The welding and riveting methods commonly used in previous applications are replaced by the application of aluminum alloy small castings on the top and bottom plates, and plug-in boxes and plugins are added inside the cabinet with a certain standard size. At the same time, a modular structural feature is also added. Due to the lightweight nature of aluminum profiles, they are easy to install

　　(2)新工艺、新材料在设计中的应用在机柜设计中使用了一些新的零件工艺，精饰就是其中之一。在对机柜右侧l9寸标准插箱设计时 ，要对其元件非有效装配区域用面来进行装饰，面板的外观处理可以有几种处理方法，如喷柒表面、氧化及一些传统的工艺方法，但如何能够使其整体效果统一，通过多次实验，终确定使用与l9寸机箱风格、外观效果接近一致的精饰新工艺，既达到了与19寸机箱外观的一致，整机效果提高，同时提高设备档次。

　　(2) The application of new processes and materials in design involves the use of some new component processes in cabinet design, and finishing is one of them. When designing the standard 19 inch plug-in box on the right side of the cabinet, it is necessary to decorate the non effective assembly area of its components. There are several methods for treating the appearance of the panel, such as spraying the surface, oxidation, and some traditional processes. However, how to make the overall effect uniform? After multiple experiments, it was finally determined to use a new finishing process that is close to the style and appearance of the 19 inch chassis. This not only achieves consistency with the appearance of the 19 inch chassis, improves the overall effect, but also enhances the equipment grade.

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