服务器机柜，用来组合安装面板、插件、插箱、电子元件、器件和机械零件与部件，使其构成一个整体的安装箱。服务器机柜由框架和盖板（门）组成，一般具有长方体的外形，落地放置。尺寸有很多，主要有22U服务器机柜、32U服务器机柜、42U服务器机柜等。不过相比服务器机柜，服务器明显更显重要。一般的服务器按照应用可分为入门级、工作组级、企业级等。接下来就一起了解一下详细知识吧。

　　Server cabinet is used to combine installation panels, plugins, plug-in boxes, electronic components, devices, and mechanical parts and components to form a complete installation box. The server cabinet consists of a frame and a cover plate (door), generally with a rectangular shape, and is placed on the ground. There are many sizes, mainly including 22U server cabinets, 32U server cabinets, 42U server cabinets, etc. However, compared to server cabinets, servers are clearly more important. Generally, servers can be classified into entry-level, workgroup level, enterprise level, etc. according to their applications. Let's learn more about detailed knowledge together.

　　一、服务器机柜尺寸规格

　　1、 Server cabinet size specifications

　　22U服务器机柜（高：1.2米、宽：0.6米、深：0.8米）

　　22U server cabinet (height: 1.2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters)

　　27U服务器机柜（高：1.4米、宽：0.6米、深：0.8米）

　　27U server cabinet (height: 1.4 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters)

　　32U服务器机柜（高：1.6米、宽：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：1.6米、宽：0.6米、深：0.96米）

　　32U server cabinet (height: 1.6 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 1.6 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　37U服务器机柜（高：1.8米、宽：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：1.8米、宽：0.6米、深：0.96米）

　　37U server cabinet (height: 1.8 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 1.8 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　42U服务器机柜（高：2米、宽：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：2米、宽：0.6米、深：0.96米）

　　42U server cabinet (height: 2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　47U服务器机柜（高：2.2米、宽：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：2.2米、宽：0.6米、深：0.96米）（高：2.2米、宽：0.8米、深：0.8米）（高：2.2米、宽：0.8米、深：0.96米）

　　47U server cabinet (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters) (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.8 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.8 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　二、服务器的应用层次

　　2、 Application hierarchy of servers

　　1、入门级服务器

　　1. Entry-level server

　　入门级服务器通常只使用一块CPU，并根据需要配置相应的内存（如256MB）和大容量IDE硬盘，必要时也会采用IDERAID（一种磁盘阵列技术，主要目的是保证数据的可靠性和可恢复性）进行数据保护。入门级服务器主要是针对基于WindowsNT，NetWare等网络操作系统的用户，可以满足办公室型的中小型网络用户的文件共享、打印服务、数据处理、Internet接入及简单数据库应用的需求，也可以在小范围内完成诸如E-mail、Proxy、DNS等服务。

　　Entry level servers typically use only one CPU and are equipped with corresponding memory (such as 256MB) and large capacity IDE hard drives as needed. If necessary, IDERAID (a disk array technology primarily designed to ensure data reliability and recoverability) is also used for data protection. Entry level servers are mainly designed for users based on network operating systems such as Windows NT and NetWare. They can meet the needs of small and medium-sized office network users for file sharing, printing services, data processing, Internet access, and simple database applications. They can also provide services such as email, proxy, DNS, etc. in a small scope.

　　对于一个小部门的办公需要而言，服务器的主要作用是完成文件和打印服务，文件和打印服务是服务器的基本应用之一，对硬件的要求较低，一般采用单颗或双颗CPU的入门级服务器即可。为了给打印机提供足够的打印缓冲区需要较大的内存，为了应付频繁和大量的文件存取要求有快速的硬盘子系统，而好的管理性能则可以提高服务器的使用效率。

　　For the office needs of a small department, the main function of a server is to provide file and printing services. File and printing services are one of the most basic applications of servers, with low hardware requirements. Generally, entry-level servers with single or dual CPUs are sufficient. In order to provide sufficient print buffer for the printer, a large amount of memory is required, and a fast hard disk subsystem is needed to cope with frequent and large file access requirements. Good management performance can improve server efficiency.

　　2、工作组级服务器

　　2. Workgroup level server

　　工作组级服务器一般支持12个PⅢ处理器或单颗P4（奔腾4）处理器，可支持大容量的ECC（一种内存技术，多用于服务器上）内存，功能。可管理性强、且易于维护，具备了小型服务器所必备的各种特性，如采用SCSI（一种总线接口技术）总线的I/O（输入/输出）系统，SMP对称多处理器结构、可选装RAID、热插拔硬盘、热插拔电源等，具有高可用性特性。适用于为中小企业提供Web、Mail等服务，也能够用于学校等教育部门的数字校园网、多媒体教室的建设等。

　　Workgroup level servers generally support 1 to 2 PIII processors or a single P4 (Pentium 4) processor, and can support large capacity ECC (a memory technology commonly used on servers) memory, with comprehensive functionality. Highly manageable and easy to maintain, it has various essential features for small servers, such as an I/O (input/output) system using SCSI (a bus interface technology) bus, SMP symmetric multiprocessor structure, optional RAID, hot swappable hard drives, hot swappable power supplies, etc., with high availability characteristics. Suitable for providing web, mail, and other services to small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as for the construction of digital campus networks and multimedia classrooms in education departments such as schools.

　　通常情况下，如果应用不复杂，例如没有大型的数据库需要管理，那么采用工作组级服务器就可以满足要求。国产服务器的质量已与国外相差无几，特别是在中低端产品上，国产的性价比具有更大的优势，中小企业可以考虑选择一些国内的产品。此外，HP等大厂商甚推出了专门为中小企业定制的服务器。但个别企业如果业务比较复杂，数据流量比较多，而且资金允许的情况下，也可以考虑选择部门级和企业级的服务器来作为其关键任务服务器。HP、DELL、IBM、浪潮都是较不错的。

　　Usually, if the application is not complex, such as not having a large database to manage, then using a workgroup level server can meet the requirements. The quality of domestic servers is almost the same as that of famous foreign brands, especially in the mid to low end products. Domestic brands have a greater advantage in cost-effectiveness, and small and medium-sized enterprises can consider choosing some domestic brand products. In addition, major manufacturers such as HP have even launched servers specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises. But for some enterprises with complex business, high data traffic, and financial constraints, they can also consider choosing department level and enterprise level servers as their key task servers. HP、DELL、IBM、 Inspur is a relatively good brand.

　　3、部门级服务器

　　3. Departmental server

　　部门级服务器通常可以支持24个PⅢXeon（强）处理器，具有较高的可靠性、可用性、可扩展性和可管理性。，集成了大量的监测及管理电路，具有的服务器管理能力，可监测如温度、电压、风扇、机箱等状态参数。此外，结合服务器管理软件，可以使管理人员及时了解服务器的工作状况。同时，大多数部门级服务器具有优良的系统扩展性，当用户在业务量迅速增大时能够及时在线升级系统，可保护用户的投资。部门级服务器是企业网络中分散的各基层数据采集单位与层数据中心保持顺利连通的必要环节。适合中型企业（如金融、邮电等行业）作为数据中心、Web站点等应用。

　　Departmental servers typically support 2 to 4 P Ⅲ Xeon (Xeon) processors, with high reliability, availability, scalability, and manageability. Firstly, it integrates a large number of monitoring and management circuits, with comprehensive server management capabilities that can monitor status parameters such as temperature, voltage, fans, and chassis. In addition, combined with server management software, it can enable management personnel to timely understand the working status of the server. At the same time, most departmental servers have excellent system scalability, allowing users to upgrade their systems online in a timely manner when their business volume rapidly increases, which can protect their investments. Departmental servers are necessary links for maintaining smooth connectivity between dispersed grassroots data collection units and top-level data centers in enterprise networks. Suitable for medium-sized enterprises (such as finance, postal and telecommunications industries) as data centers, websites and other applications.

　　4、企业级服务器

　　4. Enterprise level server

　　企业级服务器属于高档服务器，普遍可支持48个PIIIXeon（强）或P4Xeon（强）处理器，拥有独立的双PCI通道和内存扩展板设计，具有高内存带宽，大容量热插拔硬盘和热插拔电源，具有的数据处理能力。这类产品具有高度的容错能力、优异的扩展性能和系统性能、极长的系统连续运行时间，能在很大程度上保护用户的投资。可作为大型企业级网络的数据库服务器。

　　Enterprise grade servers are high-end servers that generally support 4 to 8 PIIIXeon or P4Xeon processors. They have independent dual PCI channels and memory expansion board designs, high memory bandwidth, large capacity hot swappable hard drives and hot swappable power supplies, and powerful data processing capabilities. This type of product has high fault tolerance, excellent scalability and system performance, and extremely long system continuous operation time, which can greatly protect users' investments. Can serve as a database server for large enterprise level networks.

　　企业级服务器主要适用于需要处理大量数据、高处理速度和对可靠性要求极高的大型企业和重要行业（如金融、证券、交通、邮电、通信等行业），可用于提供ERP（企业资源配置）、电子商务、OA（办公自动化）等服务。

　　Enterprise level servers are mainly suitable for large enterprises and important industries (such as finance, securities, transportation, postal and telecommunications, etc.) that require processing large amounts of data, high processing speed, and extremely high reliability requirements. They can be used to provide services such as ERP (enterprise resource allocation), e-commerce, OA (office automation), etc.

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