在典型使用寿命范围方面，工业控制机箱的平均寿命通常为 8 - 12 年，电子元件老化、散热条件是影响其使用寿命的关键因素，随着时间推移，电子元件性能逐渐衰退，而不良的散热条件会加速元件老化；配电柜系统平均寿命在 10 - 15 年，接触器寿命和绝缘性能对其使用寿命起着决定性作用，接触器频繁动作会导致触点磨损，绝缘性能下降则可能引发隐患；电机驱动系统平均寿命为 5 - 10 年，轴承磨损、绕组绝缘状况直接关系到其运行时长，轴承长期运转产生磨损，绕组绝缘在电、热、机械应力作用下逐渐劣化；自动化控制单元平均寿命处于 6 - 10 年区间，元器件迭代速度以及软件兼容性是重要影响因素，随着技术发展，旧有元器件可能难以满足新需求，软件更新也可能导致兼容性问题 。

In terms of typical service life range, the average service life of industrial control chassis is usually 8-12 years. The aging of electronic components and heat dissipation conditions are key factors affecting their service life. Over time, the performance of electronic components gradually deteriorates, and poor heat dissipation conditions will accelerate component aging; The average lifespan of the distribution cabinet system is 10-15 years, and the lifespan and insulation performance of the contactor play a decisive role in its service life. Frequent operation of the contactor can cause contact wear, and a decrease in insulation performance may lead to safety hazards; The average lifespan of the motor drive system is 5-10 years, and bearing wear and winding insulation directly affect its operating time. Long term operation of the bearings results in wear, and winding insulation gradually deteriorates under electrical, thermal, and mechanical stress; The average lifespan of automation control units is in the range of 6-10 years, and the iteration speed of components and software compatibility are important influencing factors. With the development of technology, old components may be difficult to meet new needs, and software updates may also lead to compatibility issues.

影响寿命的关键因素及应对措施主要涉及电气元件老化、机械部件磨损以及环境适应性等方面。电气元件老化表现为电容鼓包、继电器触点氧化等问题，电容鼓包意味着内部电解质可能出现泄漏或气化，影响电路性能，继电器触点氧化会导致接触电阻增大，降低控制精度。针对这些问题，有效的解决方案是每 2 年进行电容 ESR 检测，当容值偏差超过 20% 时及时更换电容，使用镀金触点继电器，其寿命可超过 100 万次，有效减少触点氧化带来的故障。

The key factors and countermeasures that affect lifespan mainly involve electrical component aging, mechanical component wear, and environmental adaptability. The aging of electrical components manifests as problems such as capacitor bulging and oxidation of relay contacts. Capacitor bulging means that the internal electrolyte may leak or vaporize, affecting circuit performance. Oxidation of relay contacts can increase contact resistance and reduce control accuracy. An effective solution to these issues is to conduct ESR testing of capacitors every 2 years. When the capacitance deviation exceeds 20%, capacitors should be replaced in a timely manner. Gold plated contact relays can be used, with a lifespan of over 1 million times, effectively reducing faults caused by contact oxidation.

机械部件磨损常以导轨卡滞、轴承异响等典型故障呈现，导轨卡滞会影响设备运动精度和顺畅性，轴承异响则预示着轴承可能出现损坏。相应的维护方案需结合设备运行状况和使用环境，对机械部件进行定期检查和保养，如对导轨进行润滑、清理杂质，对轴承进行润滑脂补充或更换 。环境适应性也是影响设备寿命的关键因素，关键指标涵盖温度、湿度和粉尘防护等级。设备适宜运行温度通常在 - 20℃~+50℃，超出该范围则需要配备温控系统进行调节；适宜湿度范围为 30%~70% RH，在潮湿环境中需安装防凝露加热器，避免设备内部产生冷凝水而损坏元件；粉尘环境下，设备需具备 IP54 以上防护等级，防止粉尘进入设备内部影响正常运行 。

Mechanical component wear often presents typical faults such as rail jamming and bearing abnormal noise. Rail jamming can affect the accuracy and smoothness of equipment movement, while bearing abnormal noise indicates that the bearing may be damaged. The corresponding maintenance plan should be based on the operating conditions and usage environment of the equipment, and regular inspections and maintenance of mechanical components should be carried out, such as lubricating the guide rails, cleaning impurities, and supplementing or replacing lubricating grease for bearings. Environmental adaptability is also a key factor affecting equipment lifespan, with key indicators including temperature, humidity, and dust protection level. The suitable operating temperature for the equipment is usually between -20 ℃ and+50 ℃. If it exceeds this range, a temperature control system needs to be equipped for adjustment; The suitable humidity range is 30%~70% RH, and anti condensation heaters should be installed in humid environments to avoid condensation water inside the equipment and damage to components; In dusty environments, equipment must have a protection level of IP54 or above to prevent dust from entering the interior and affecting normal operation.

为延长设备寿命，还需制定科学合理的维护策略。预防性维护计划尤为重要，每日需进行异常噪音和温升检查，及时发现设备运行初期的异常状况；每月进行紧固件扭矩校验，严格按照标准扭矩表操作，防止因紧固件松动引发设备故障，同时对散热风扇进行除尘处理，采用压缩空气吹扫的方式风扇表面和内部的灰尘，保障散热效果；每年开展绝缘电阻测试，要求绝缘电阻大于 1MΩ，进行接地电阻检测，确保接地电阻小于 4Ω，保障设备电气。

To extend the lifespan of the equipment, it is necessary to develop a scientifically reasonable maintenance strategy. The preventive maintenance plan is particularly important, and daily checks for abnormal noise and temperature rise are required to promptly detect any abnormal conditions during the initial operation of the equipment; Perform monthly torque verification of fasteners and strictly follow the standard torque table to prevent equipment failure caused by loose fasteners. At the same time, dust removal treatment is carried out on the cooling fan, using compressed air blowing to remove dust on the surface and inside of the fan to ensure heat dissipation effect; Carry out insulation resistance testing every year, requiring insulation resistance greater than 1M Ω, and conduct grounding resistance testing to ensure that the grounding resistance is less than 4 Ω, ensuring the electrical safety of the equipment.

此外，关键部件更换周期表为设备维护提供了明确指引，冷却风扇在使用 3 年且转速下降超过 15% 时需进行更换；电源模块使用 5 年，若输出电压波动超过 5% 则应更换；通信线缆使用 8 年后，通过阻抗测试判断是否需要更换；机械传动部件在使用 5 - 7 年时，依据振动分析（参照 ISO 标准）结果决定是否更换，从而保障设备始终处于良好运行状态 。

In addition, the replacement cycle table for key components provides clear guidance for equipment maintenance, and the cooling fan needs to be replaced after 3 years of use and when the speed drops by more than 15%; The power module should be replaced if the output voltage fluctuates by more than 5% after 5 years of use; After using communication cables for 8 years, determine whether they need to be replaced through impedance testing; Mechanical transmission components should be replaced based on vibration analysis (referring to ISO standards) results after 5-7 years of use, in order to ensure that the equipment is always in good operating condition.