山东电气成套10kV配电系统运维怎么做？实用流程收藏好

　　How to operate and maintain the complete 10kV distribution system of Shandong Electric? Practical Process Collection

　　在山东电气成套设备的配置中，变压器作为电力转换的核心部件，其配套的高压进线开关选型直接关系到设备和运行稳定性。不少企业采购或运维山东电气成套设备时，都会困惑：多大容量的变压器该用负荷开关，多大的该用断路器？负荷开关与熔断器又适配哪些情况？其实答案很明确，核心就是看变压器的容量大小。今天就专门围绕这个问题科普，帮大家理清不同容量变压器对应的开关选型逻辑。

　　In the configuration of Shandong Electric's complete set of equipment, transformers are the core components of power conversion, and the selection of their matching high-voltage incoming line switches directly affects the safety and operational stability of the equipment. Many companies are confused when purchasing or operating complete sets of equipment from Shandong Electric: what capacity transformer should use a load switch, and what size should use a circuit breaker? What are the suitable situations for load switches and fuses? The answer is actually very clear, the core is to look at the capacity of the transformer. Today, we will focus on this topic to popularize science and help everyone clarify the switch selection logic corresponding to transformers of different capacities.

　　步，做好日常巡检，把故障隐患消灭在萌芽状态。日常巡检是运维的基础，要盯紧三个方面。是外观检查，逐一查看山东电气成套的高低压开关柜、变压器、电缆头等核心设备，有没有渗油、漏油的情况，运行时有没有异常声响或刺鼻异味，柜体是否存在变形、锈蚀，接地装置是否牢固可靠，这些直观的异常往往是故障的前兆。其次是仪表监测，密切观察电压表、电流表、功率因数表的数值变化，确认电压是否稳定、有没有过载运行，同时关注三相电流是否平衡，避免因三相不平衡导致设备过热。是指示灯状态检查，分合闸指示灯、保护装置告警灯等是否正常亮起或熄灭，没有异常闪烁、常亮不熄的情况，确保设备运行状态清晰可辨。

　　The first step is to conduct daily inspections and eliminate potential faults in their early stages. Daily inspection is the foundation of operation and maintenance, and the focus should be on three aspects. Firstly, the appearance inspection is conducted to examine the core equipment of Shandong Electric's complete set of high and low voltage switchgear, transformers, cable heads, etc., one by one, for any oil leakage or seepage, any abnormal sounds or pungent odors during operation, whether the cabinet is deformed or corroded, and whether the grounding device is firm and reliable. These intuitive abnormalities are often precursors to faults. Next is instrument monitoring, closely observing the numerical changes of the voltmeter, ammeter, and power factor meter to confirm whether the voltage is stable and whether there is overload operation. At the same time, pay attention to whether the three-phase current is balanced to avoid equipment overheating caused by three-phase imbalance. Finally, check the status of the indicator lights, whether the opening and closing indicator lights, protection device alarm lights, etc. are on or off normally, and whether there are any abnormal flashes or constant lights, ensuring that the equipment's operating status is clear and distinguishable.

　　第二步，按周期开展定期维护，保障设备长期稳定运行。日常巡检之外，定期维护必须按既定周期执行，不能敷衍。一是清洁除尘，定期清理山东电气成套设备表面和柜内的灰尘、杂物，尤其是高低压开关柜内部的元器件和接线端子，灰尘堆积过多容易导致绝缘性能下降，甚引发短路故障。二是接线检查，逐一紧固母排、接线端子的螺栓，防止因长期运行振动导致松动发热，同时检查导线的绝缘层是否有老化、开裂、破损的情况，发现问题及时更换。三是绝缘测试，用兆欧表定期测量电缆、开关设备的绝缘电阻，确保数值符合标准，避免因绝缘失效引发漏电或短路。四是保护装置校验，对微机保护装置、继电器等核心保护部件进行校验，确保过流、接地、过载等保护功能准确可靠，关键时刻能正常动作。

　　The second step is to carry out regular maintenance according to the cycle to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment. In addition to daily inspections, regular maintenance must be carried out according to established cycles and cannot be perfunctory. One is to clean and remove dust, regularly cleaning the surface and cabinets of Shandong Electric's complete equipment, especially the components and wiring terminals inside the high and low voltage switchgear. Excessive dust accumulation can easily lead to a decrease in insulation performance and even cause short circuit faults. The second is wiring inspection, tightening the bolts of the busbar and wiring terminals one by one to prevent loosening and heating caused by long-term operation vibration. At the same time, check whether the insulation layer of the wire is aging, cracking, or damaged, and replace it in a timely manner if any problems are found. The third is insulation testing, which uses a megohmmeter to regularly measure the insulation resistance of cables and switchgear to ensure that the values meet the standards and avoid leakage or short circuits caused by insulation failure. The fourth is the verification of protection devices, which verifies the core protection components such as microcomputer protection devices and relays to ensure accurate and reliable protection functions such as overcurrent, grounding, and overload, and can operate normally at critical moments.

　　第三步，妥善处理特殊情况，避免故障扩大。除了常规运维，遇到特殊情况更要精准应对。比如雷雨天气过后，要检查山东电气成套系统中的避雷器、接地系统是否完好，有没有雷击损坏的痕迹，接地电阻是否符合要求，防止雷击残留隐患影响系统。在负荷高峰期，比如夏季高温或冬季供暖期间，要适当加强巡检频次，监测变压器、开关柜等设备的温度，必要时采取降温措施，防止设备因过载过热出现故障。如果出现故障跳闸，千万不能盲目送电，要先查看保护装置的故障记录，根据记录精准排查故障点，彻底排除隐患后，才能重新合闸恢复供电，避免二次故障造成更大损失。

　　The third step is to handle special situations properly to avoid the expansion of the fault. In addition to regular operations and maintenance, it is even more important to respond accurately in special situations. For example, after a thunderstorm, it is important to focus on checking whether the lightning arrester and grounding system in Shandong Electric's complete system are intact, whether there are any traces of lightning damage, and whether the grounding resistance meets the requirements to prevent residual lightning hazards from affecting system safety. During peak load periods, such as high temperatures in summer or heating periods in winter, it is necessary to increase the frequency of inspections and focus on monitoring the temperature of equipment such as transformers and switchgear. If necessary, cooling measures should be taken to prevent equipment from malfunctioning due to overload and overheating. If there is a fault tripping, do not blindly power on. First, check the fault records of the protective device, accurately identify the fault point based on the records, and thoroughly eliminate the hidden dangers before closing the circuit again to restore power supply and avoid further losses caused by secondary faults.

　　必须强调核心规范：不管是日常巡检还是定期维护，运维人员都要严格遵守电力规程，做好停电、验电、接地、悬挂警示标识等措施，确保人身和设备。这是运维工作的底线，不能马虎。另外，对于复杂的维护工作，比如保护装置深度校验、大型设备检修等，建议由的山东电气成套技术团队操作，避免因个人技术不足导致操作失误。

　　Finally, it is necessary to emphasize the core safety regulations: whether it is daily inspections or regular maintenance, operation and maintenance personnel must strictly abide by the power safety regulations, take safety measures such as power outages, electricity inspections, grounding, hanging warning signs, etc., to ensure personal and equipment safety. This is the bottom line of operation and maintenance work, and we must not be careless. In addition, for complex maintenance work, such as deep verification of protective devices, maintenance of large equipment, etc., it is recommended to have a professional Shandong Electric complete technical team operate to avoid operational errors caused by insufficient personal skills.

　　给山东本地企业的运维管理提个实用建议：可以把这套运维流程整理成标准化操作手册，结合山东电气成套设备的具体型号和运行场景，明确巡检周期、维护项目和责任人，贴在配电房显眼位置，方便运维人员随时查看执行。同时，定期组织运维人员开展培训演练，熟悉流程和规范，提升应急处置能力。毕竟10kV配电系统是企业生产的“电力命脉”，规范的运维工作能有效减少故障停机时间，降低风险。

　　A practical suggestion for the operation and maintenance management of local enterprises in Shandong: This set of operation and maintenance procedures can be organized into a standardized operation manual, combined with the specific models and operating scenarios of Shandong Electric's complete equipment, to clarify the inspection cycle, maintenance projects, and responsible persons, and posted in a prominent position in the distribution room for easy viewing and execution by operation and maintenance personnel at any time. At the same time, regularly organize training and drills for operation and maintenance personnel to familiarize themselves with processes and safety regulations, and enhance emergency response capabilities. After all, the 10kV distribution system is the "power lifeline" of enterprise production, and standardized operation and maintenance work can effectively reduce downtime and safety risks.

　　总结下来，山东电气成套10kV配电系统的运行维护，核心就是“日常巡检不松懈、定期维护按周期、特殊情况精准处置”，再加上严格遵守规范。掌握这套实用流程，能帮助运维人员开展工作，保障配电系统稳定可靠运行。如果大家在山东电气成套10kV配电系统的运维过程中遇到特殊问题，建议及时咨询设备厂家的技术人员，获取精准的解决方案，避免盲目操作。

　　In summary, the core of the operation and maintenance of Shandong Electric's complete 10kV distribution system is to "not slack off in daily inspections, maintain regularly according to cycles, and handle special situations accurately", coupled with strict adherence to safety regulations. Mastering this practical process can help operation and maintenance personnel efficiently carry out their work and ensure the stable and reliable operation of the distribution system. If you encounter special problems during the operation and maintenance of Shandong Electric's complete 10kV distribution system, it is recommended to consult the professional technical personnel of the equipment manufacturer in a timely manner to obtain accurate solutions and avoid blind operation.

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