电气成套设备行业原材料耗损与领料管理：告别库存混乱的实用方案

　　Raw material consumption and material requisition management in the electrical equipment industry: a practical solution to bid farewell to inventory chaos

　　在电气成套设备生产中，原材料耗损失控、车间自主领料无序导致“有货还重复采购”，是不少厂家面临的核心痛点。这些问题不仅造成成本浪费，还会打乱生产节奏、降低运营效率。作为深耕电气成套设备（含机箱机柜）领域的生产厂家，今天就为大家科普行业专属的原材料耗损与领料管理方案，帮大家精准解决库存混乱难题。

　　In the production of electrical complete sets of equipment, the uncontrolled consumption of raw materials and the disorderly self procurement of materials in the workshop have led to the core pain points faced by many manufacturers, such as "repeated procurement when there is stock". These issues not only result in cost waste, but also disrupt production pace and reduce operational efficiency. As a manufacturer specializing in the field of electrical complete equipment (including chassis and cabinets), today we will share with you the industry's exclusive raw material consumption and material requisition management plan, helping you accurately solve the problem of inventory chaos.

　　精准库存管理：从源头杜绝“有货还买”

　　Precise inventory management: eliminating the practice of "buying back when there is stock" from the source

　　库存数据模糊是“重复采购”的核心诱因，建立数字化库存管理体系是关键。

　　Fuzzy inventory data is the core cause of "duplicate procurement", and establishing a digital inventory management system is the key.

　　借助ERP系统、进销存软件或管家婆等工具，将所有原材料按类型分类建档，涵盖机箱机柜的板材、紧固件、电气元件、变压器配件等，详细录入规格、数量、存放位置等信息，实现库存数据实时同步。

　　With the help of ERP systems, inventory management software, or professional tools such as housekeeper, all raw materials are classified and archived by type, including chassis and cabinet boards, fasteners, electrical components, transformer accessories, etc. Detailed information such as specifications, quantities, and storage locations is entered to achieve real-time synchronization of inventory data.

　　车间人员领料前，需通过系统查询实际库存，确认无货或库存不足时再提交采购申请；同时设置库存预警功能，当原材料低于库存阈值时自动提醒，避免“临时缺料”与“库存积压”并存。

　　Before the workshop personnel receive materials, they need to check the actual inventory through the system, confirm that there is no stock or insufficient inventory, and then submit a purchase request; Simultaneously set up inventory warning function to automatically remind when raw materials are below the safety stock threshold, avoiding the coexistence of "temporary shortage" and "inventory backlog".

　　定期开展实地盘点，每月或每季度核对账实数据，核查易混淆、高价值原材料，确保系统数据与实际库存一致，从源头堵住“有货却重复采购”的漏洞。

　　Regularly conduct on-site inventory checks, verify accounting and physical data on a monthly or quarterly basis, with a focus on easily confused and high-value raw materials to ensure consistency between system data and actual inventory, and plug the loophole of "duplicate purchases despite having goods" from the source.

　　规范领料流程：告别自主领料的随意性

　　Standardize the material requisition process: Say goodbye to the arbitrariness of independent material requisition

　　车间自主领料缺乏约束，是导致耗损增加、库存混乱的重要原因，需建立标准化领料机制。

　　The lack of constraints on independent material requisition in the workshop is an important reason for the increase in wear and tear and inventory chaos, and a standardized material requisition mechanism needs to be established.

　　摒弃“按需自取”模式，推行“工单领料”制度：生产计划下达后，根据产品BOM清单（如机箱机柜组装的板材用量、电气成套的元件配比），明确每张工单的原材料领用定额，车间凭工单提交领料申请，经生产主管审核后，仓库按定额发料。

　　Abandoning the "on-demand self pickup" mode and implementing the "work order material requisition" system: After the production plan is issued, the raw material requisition quota for each work order is determined based on the product BOM list (such as the amount of board used for chassis and cabinet assembly, and the component ratio for electrical complete sets). The workshop submits the requisition application based on the work order, and after being reviewed by the production supervisor, the warehouse issues materials according to the quota.

　　领料时需现场核对原材料规格、数量，签字确认后录入管理系统，实现“领料-库存-生产”的闭环关联。

　　When picking up materials, it is necessary to verify the specifications and quantities of the raw materials on site, sign and confirm, and enter them into the management system to achieve a closed-loop relationship of "picking inventory production".

　　针对超定额领料情况，要求车间提交书面说明，注明耗损原因（如生产失误、原材料质量问题），经核实后再补发，同时追溯责任，倒逼车间减少不必要的耗损。

　　In response to the situation of exceeding the quota for material requisition, the workshop is required to submit a written explanation, indicating the reasons for the wear and tear (such as production errors, raw material quality issues), and after verification, reissue the goods. At the same time, the responsibility should be traced to force the workshop to reduce unnecessary wear and tear.

　　全流程耗损控制：从存储到使用精准把控

　　Whole process wear and tear control: precise control from storage to use

　　原材料耗损的控制需覆盖存储、生产、回收全环节，化降低浪费。

　　The control of raw material consumption should cover the entire process of storage, production, and recycling to minimize waste.

　　存储环节需根据原材料特性分类管理：机箱机柜的金属板材需做好防潮、防氧化处理，避免锈蚀损耗；精密电气元件需存放在恒温恒湿环境中，防止受潮、损坏；易丢失的小配件（如螺丝、端子）需集中收纳、定量发放。

　　The storage process needs to be classified and managed according to the characteristics of raw materials: the metal plates of the chassis and cabinets should be treated with moisture-proof and anti-oxidation measures to avoid corrosion and loss; Precision electrical components should be stored in a constant temperature and humidity environment to prevent moisture and damage; Small accessories that are prone to loss, such as screws and terminals, need to be centrally stored and distributed in a fixed quantity.

　　生产环节优化工艺流程：金属板材切割前做好排版规划，减少边角料浪费；电气元件焊接、组装时规范操作，避免因失误导致元件损坏；针对机箱机柜生产中的边角料，分类回收后用于小型配件加工或应急维修，提高原材料利用率。

　　Optimization of production process flow: Make layout planning before cutting metal sheets to reduce waste of scraps; Standardize the welding and assembly of electrical components to avoid component damage caused by errors; For the scraps in the production of chassis and cabinets, they are classified and recycled for small accessory processing or emergency maintenance, improving the utilization rate of raw materials.

　　建立耗损统计分析机制，通过管理软件跟踪各类原材料的耗损率，关注耗损过高的环节（如板材切割、元件焊接），针对性优化工艺或加强人员培训。

　　Establish a wear and tear statistical analysis mechanism, track the wear and tear rates of various raw materials through management software, focus on areas with high wear and tear (such as sheet cutting and component welding), and optimize processes or strengthen personnel training accordingly.

　　数字化工具赋能：让管理更落地

　　Empowering with digital tools: making management more efficient and effective

　　管理软件是解决痛点的核心支撑，需根据企业规模选择适配工具。

　　Professional management software is the core support for solving pain points, and it is necessary to choose appropriate tools according to the size of the enterprise.

　　中小型厂家可选用管家婆、简易进销存软件，满足库存登记、领料审批、耗损统计等基础需求；规模较大的企业建议部署ERP系统，实现生产计划、库存管理、采购流程、财务核算的一体化联动，比如生产工单自动关联库存数据，缺料时自动生成采购订单，避免人工失误。

　　Small and medium-sized manufacturers can choose Housekeeper and Simple Inventory Management software to meet basic needs such as inventory registration, material requisition approval, and wear and tear statistics; Large scale enterprises are recommended to deploy ERP systems to achieve integrated linkage of production planning, inventory management, procurement processes, and financial accounting. For example, production work orders can be automatically associated with inventory data, and purchase orders can be automatically generated when there is a shortage of materials to avoid manual errors.

　　同时加强人员培训，确保车间工人、仓库管理员、采购人员熟练使用软件，规范操作流程，避免因操作不当导致数据失真，让数字化管理真正发挥作用。

　　At the same time, strengthen personnel training to ensure that workshop workers, warehouse managers, and procurement personnel are proficient in using software, standardize operating procedures, and avoid data distortion caused by improper operation, so that digital management can truly play its role.

　　厂家实操建议

　　Manufacturer's practical suggestions

　　作为生产厂家，提醒大家：管理优化需循序渐进，先从规范领料流程、启用基础库存软件入手，再逐步推进全流程数字化；可将耗损率、库存准确率纳入车间绩效考核，激励员工主动参与成本控制；针对机箱机柜等核心产品的专用原材料，建立专项管理台账，监控耗损与库存情况。

　　As a professional manufacturer, we would like to remind everyone that management optimization needs to be carried out gradually, starting with standardizing the material requisition process and using basic inventory software, and then gradually promoting the digitization of the entire process; The wear and tear rate and inventory accuracy can be included in the workshop performance evaluation to motivate employees to actively participate in cost control; Establish a special management ledger for dedicated raw materials for core products such as chassis and cabinets, with a focus on monitoring wear and tear and inventory.

　　结语

　　Conclusion

　　电气成套设备行业的原材料耗损与领料管理，核心在于“精准化、规范化、数字化”。通过建立清晰的库存体系、规范的领料流程、全流程的耗损控制，再借助管理工具赋能，既能彻底解决“有货还买”的库存混乱问题，又能有效降低原材料耗损，为企业节约成本、提升竞争力。我们作为行业从业者，也在不断优化自身管理体系，愿与同行共同探索管理路径，推动行业高质量发展。

　　The core of raw material consumption and material requisition management in the electrical equipment industry lies in "precision, standardization, and digitization". By establishing a clear inventory system, standardized material requisition process, and full process wear and tear control, coupled with the empowerment of professional management tools, we can not only completely solve the problem of inventory chaos caused by "buying and selling", but also effectively reduce raw material wear and tear, saving costs and enhancing competitiveness for enterprises. As industry practitioners, we are constantly optimizing our management system and willing to explore efficient management paths with peers to promote high-quality development of the industry.

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